✓
No active regulatory warnings
Sources: FDA MedWatch, EMA EudraVigilance, WHO VigiBase, WADA Prohibited List · 2026-05-29
Updated: 2026-05-29 · v2.0 · Prof. G. Pkhakadze, MD, MPH, PhD📎 Cite 📄 PDF
1 Identity

Titanium Dioxide (E171)

TiO₂ nanoparticles
Limited EvidenceEvidence: ModerateOther
Alias for Titanium Dioxide — EU banned E171 (2022), FDA maintains GRAS. See 'Titanium Dioxide' entry for full data including EFSA genotoxicity concerns and regulatory divergence [1].
3
Titanium Dioxide (E171)
TiO₂ nanoparticles
Limited EvidenceEvidence: ModerateOther
Clinical verdict: Alias for Titanium Dioxide — EU banned E171 (2022), FDA maintains GRAS. See 'Titanium Dioxide' entry for full data including EFSA genotoxicity concerns and regulatory divergence [1].
RDA
Used as colorant, not active
Target range
N/A
Upper limit
EFSA: no safe level (2021)
Evidence
Moderate
Population dosing — click to filter
✅ USP Verified, NSF Contents Certified, ConsumerLab Approved
2 Risk self-assessment
See main entry [1].
Select factors above to see your risk level
Clinical pearl for practitioners
SupplementIndex
Titanium Dioxide (E171)
TiO₂ nanoparticles · Limited Evidence · Evidence: Moderate
RDA
Used as colorant, not active
Upper limit
EFSA: no safe level (2021)
Evidence
Moderate
Clinical bottom line
Alias for Titanium Dioxide — EU banned E171 (2022), FDA maintains GRAS. See 'Titanium Dioxide' entry for full data including EFSA genotoxicity concerns and regulatory divergence [1].
Do not miss
⚠ See referenced main entry for full safety data [1]
Pregnancy
See main entry [1].
4 Lab interpreter

See main entry

<12 Deficient
12–20 Insufficient
20–50 Optimal
50–100 Excess
>150 Toxic
Your level:
Enter a value above
⚕ For healthcare professionals. Does not replace clinical judgment.
5 Quick facts
CategoryOther
Safety levelLimited Evidence
EvidenceModerate
RDAUsed as colorant, not active
Upper limit (UL)EFSA: no safe level (2021)
Scientific nameTiO₂ nanoparticles
Alias/category entrySee referenced main entry [1]
6 Dosage by population

Adults Moderate

See product label

Elderly Moderate

See product label
Consider reduced renal/hepatic clearance. Start at lower end of range.

Pregnancy Moderate

See guidance
See main entry [1].

Pediatric Moderate

See guidance
See main entry [1].

Athletes Limited

Standard dose

Obesity Limited

Standard dose
Fat-soluble compounds may require dose adjustment in obesity.

Renal Limited

Consult specialist
Dose adjustment may be needed in renal impairment.

Vegan Moderate

Standard dose
See main entry [1].
7 Form comparison
FormBioavailabilityVeganCost/day
['See main entry', 'standard', 'See referenced ingredient [1].']StandardCheck label
8 Clinical evidence

Strong evidence

See main entry [1]. HIGH

Moderate evidence

See main entry [1]. MODERATE

Insufficient evidence

See main entry [1]. LOW
9 Safety

🚩 Red flags — when to stop and refer

● See main entry for safety alerts [1]

Pregnancy

See main entry [1].

Pediatric

See main entry [1].
10 Toxicity and overdose

11 Drug interactions
See main entry See main entry
Mechanism: See main entry [1].
Effect: See main entry [1].
Action: See main entry [1].
12 Supplement interactions
13 Laboratory monitoring
See main entry Primary
Target: N/A · N/A
See main entry [1].
14 Deficiency and prevalence
0%
[1]

Risk factors

• See main entry [1].
15 Frequently asked questions
Key point ▼
Alias for Titanium Dioxide — EU banned E171 (2022), FDA maintains GRAS. See 'Titanium Dioxide' entry for full data including EFSA genotoxicity concerns and regulatory divergence [1].
16 Regulatory status
See main entry: [1].
17 References
[1]See referenced main ingredient entry for full references. REVIEW
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19 Cite this page
Vancouver
Pkhakadze G. Titanium Dioxide (E171) — safety profile [Internet]. Tbilisi: Public Health Institute of Georgia; 2026 [cited 2026 May 30]. Available from: https://supplement.ge/ingredients/titanium-dioxide-e171/
APA 7th
Pkhakadze, G. (2026). Titanium Dioxide (E171) — Safety profile. Public Health Institute of Georgia. https://supplement.ge/ingredients/titanium-dioxide-e171/
CC BY 4.0
🛡 SupplementIndex receives no funding from supplement manufacturers. All content independently authored by PHIG.
GP
Reviewed by Prof. G. Pkhakadze, MD, MPH, PhD
Editor-in-Chief, Georgian Medical Journal · Chair, PHIG
Last reviewed: May 2026 · Next: November 2026
This entry is provided for educational and public health purposes under CC BY 4.0. Consult your healthcare provider before starting any supplement. For corrections: info@accreditation.ge.
Publisher: PHIG · Editor-in-Chief: Prof. Giorgi Pkhakadze, MD, MPH, PhD