PubMed Studies
432
About
Bovine colostrum is the first milk after birth, rich in immunoglobulins, IGF-1, lactoferrin, and growth factors. Used for gut health and immune function.
How it works (mechanism of action)
Serves as building block for protein synthesis or direct precursor for neurotransmitters, hormones, and enzymatic cofactors. Participates in nitrogen metabolism, energy production, and cellular signalling pathways relevant to studied health outcomes.
📊 Effectiveness
Immune function
Evidence Grade B · 18 studies · n=2,200
Gut health
Evidence Grade B · 14 studies · n=1,400
Muscle recovery
Evidence Grade B · 12 studies · n=1,200
Evidence grades: A=Strong RCT evidence · B=Good clinical trials · C=Limited trials · D=Preliminary/traditional
👥 Safety by Population
🚫 Contraindications & Warnings
Cow's milk allergy: avoid. Autoimmune: caution. Prohibited in some sports due to IGF-1 content.
🏷️ Other Names
Bovine colostrum