SAFE
Fumaric acid
Fumaric acid (E297)
Possibly Safe
V2 Verified
Excipients & Additives
PubMed Studies
66
PubChem CID
About
Dicarboxylic acid naturally present in fumarewort and fungi. Used as acidulant and leavening agent. E297. Also the active ingredient in Fumaderm (dimethyl fumarate) for multiple sclerosis and psoriasis — but at very different pharmacological doses.
How it works (mechanism of action)
Acts on cellular signalling pathways relevant to the documented clinical indications. Contains bioactive compounds with enzyme-modulating, receptor-binding, or antioxidant properties studied in peer-reviewed literature.
👥 Safety by Population
🚫 Contraindications & Warnings
At food additive quantities: very safe. At pharmacological doses (dimethyl fumarate for MS/psoriasis): flushing, GI effects, lymphopenia, PML risk. Distinction important: fumaric acid in food additives vs medicinal fumaric acid esters.
🏷️ Other Names
Fumaric acid (E297)