Colloidal gold
Colloidal suspension of gold nanoparticles (10-100nm) marketed for cognitive enhancement, anti-aging, arthritis, and immune modulation. No credible clinical evidence for any indication as a food supplement. Gold accumulates in tissues (chrysiasis). Gold compounds medically used only as prescription drugs (auranofin) for rheumatoid arthritis.
How it works (mechanism of action)
Acts on cellular signalling pathways relevant to the documented clinical indications. Contains bioactive compounds with enzyme-modulating, receptor-binding, or antioxidant properties studied in peer-reviewed literature.
NO ESTABLISHED SAFE OR EFFECTIVE SUPPLEMENTAL DOSE. Gold nanoparticle accumulation in organs (liver, spleen, kidney). Chrysiasis: irreversible grey/blue skin discolouration with chronic gold accumulation. Pharmaceutical gold compounds (auranofin) cause significant adverse effects: proteinuria, thrombocytopenia, pulmonary toxicity. Drug interactions with other heavy metals and immunosuppressants. Potential genotoxicity of nanoparticles.