BHT (butylated hydroxytoluene)
Synthetic phenolic antioxidant (E321) used in supplement capsules, fats, and packaging. Carcinogenic in some animal studies (liver, lung). Endocrine disruption potential. Contradictory data — some studies suggest anticarcinogenic effects. EWG assigns concern rating. Under review by EFSA.
How it works (mechanism of action)
Acts on cellular signalling pathways relevant to the documented clinical indications. Contains bioactive compounds with enzyme-modulating, receptor-binding, or antioxidant properties studied in peer-reviewed literature.
Conflicting safety data. Some animal studies show carcinogenicity (liver, lung tumours in rodents at high doses). Endocrine disruption potential. Avoid in supplements targeting children or pregnant women. Australia and some EU member states have restricted specific applications.