Glutathione is the body's primary endogenous antioxidant. Oral bioavailability of standard glutathione was long debated — liposomal and S-acetyl forms have better evidence for raising plasma levels. Evidence for skin brightening and liver support.
How it works (mechanism of action)
Tripeptide (glutamine-cysteine-glycine) that directly neutralises free radicals and regenerates Vitamins C and E. Conjugates toxins for excretion via mercapturic acid pathway. S-acetyl form resists gut hydrolysis.
Evidence grades: A=Strong RCT evidence · B=Good clinical trials · C=Limited trials · D=Preliminary/traditional
Generally safe. Standard oral glutathione has limited bioavailability — prefer liposomal or S-acetyl forms. May cause zinc depletion at high doses. Not recommended in pregnancy (limited data).