⛔
Regulatory ban. This ingredient is banned or restricted in one or more countries. See Regulatory Status below.
PubMed Studies
411
About
Monitor for bleeding and serotonergic effects
How it works (mechanism of action)
Acts on cellular signalling pathways relevant to the documented clinical indications. Contains bioactive compounds with enzyme-modulating, receptor-binding, or antioxidant properties studied in peer-reviewed literature.
⚖️ Regulatory Status
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FR — Banned
Banned by ANSES (2021) — hepatotoxicity. All Garcinia cambogia HCA-containing supplements prohibited. Authority: Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation.
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NL — Banned
NVWA prohibition (2004).
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MY — Banned
NPRA Malaysia — ephedra and ephedrine alkaloid supplements prohibited.
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PT — Banned
ASAE Portugal prohibition aligned with EU ban on ephedrine alkaloid supplements.
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SA — Banned
SFDA Saudi Arabia — ephedra and ephedrine alkaloid supplements prohibited. Controlled as prescription drug.
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IT — Banned
Italian Ministry of Health — ephedra and ephedrine alkaloid supplements prohibited under EU Directive 2002/46/EC.
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AE — Banned
UAE MOH prohibition — ephedra supplements banned. Ephedrine controlled as pharmaceutical.
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SE — Banned
Livsmedelsverket Sweden prohibition aligned with EU Directive 2002/46/EC.
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ID — Banned
BPOM Indonesia — ephedra and ephedrine alkaloid supplements prohibited.
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SG — Banned
HSA Singapore prohibition (2004) — ephedra alkaloid supplements prohibited.
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NZ — Banned
Medsafe NZ — ephedrine alkaloid supplements banned following FDA and TGA action.
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EU — Banned
European Commission ban (2002) under Directive 2002/46/EC — all ephedra and ephedrine alkaloid supplements.
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ES — Banned
AEMPS Spain prohibition aligned with EU ban on ephedrine alkaloid supplements.
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DK — Banned
Banned (2023) — Danish Veterinary and Food Administration (DVFA). Liver toxicity and thyroid disruption reports. All preparations ordered off market.
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DE — Banned
BfArM banned kava-containing products in Germany in 2002 due to hepatotoxicity risk. Cases of liver failure and death reported.
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PH — Banned
FDA Philippines — ephedra and ephedrine alkaloid-containing food supplements banned following international regulatory action.
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CH — Banned
Swissmedic banned kava in Switzerland due to hepatotoxicity.
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CA — Banned
Health Canada ban (2002) — all ephedra and ephedrine alkaloid-containing supplements.
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BE — Banned
FASFC Belgium prohibition aligned with EU Directive 2002/46/EC.
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US — Banned
FDA ban (2004) — cardiovascular adverse events and deaths. Final rule 21 CFR 119. All ephedrine alkaloids banned from dietary supplements.
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PL — Banned
GIS Poland prohibition aligned with EU Directive 2002/46/EC.
⚠️
TH — Restricted
FDA Thailand — ephedrine controlled as pharmaceutical. Not permitted in food supplements.
⚠️
IN — Restricted
CDSCO India (2004) — available only under prescription as pharmaceutical products.
⚠️
TW — Restricted
TFDA Taiwan — ephedrine controlled as pharmaceutical drug. Not permitted as health food ingredient. Products with ephedra claims require pharmaceutical registration.
⚠️
ZA — Restricted
SAHPRA (2004) — Schedule 2; pharmacist oversight required.
⚠️
KR — Restricted
MFDS South Korea (2003) — maximum dose restrictions. Not permitted for weight loss products.
⚠️
JP — Restricted
Consumer Affairs Agency Japan advisory (2012) — hepatotoxicity. Mandatory labelling and dose restrictions apply.
⚠️
IE — Restricted
FSAI monitoring (2024) following Danish ban and hepatotoxicity reports. Products without adequate safety data may face withdrawal.
⚠️
HK — Restricted
Department of Health Hong Kong — ephedrine-containing preparations controlled as pharmaceutical products. Not permitted as health food supplements without pharmaceutical registration.
⚠️
GB — Restricted
MHRA (2004) — ephedrine alkaloid supplements restricted. Maximum doses apply under the Medicines Act.
⚠️
CN — Restricted
NMPA China — Ma Huang (ephedra) controlled. Ephedrine alkaloid content restrictions; not permitted for weight loss products. Export of ephedra controlled internationally.
⚠️
AU — Restricted
TGA monitoring — hepatotoxicity signals. Products subject to adverse event reporting requirements.
💊
AT — Prescription only
AGES Austria — melatonin classified as prescription-only medicinal product. Not permitted as food supplement.
👥 Safety by Population
🚫 Contraindications & Warnings
Consult a healthcare professional before use if pregnant, breastfeeding, taking prescription medications, or if you have a medical condition. Keep out of reach of children.
🏷️ Other Names
SSRIs