Gelatin
Protein-based gelling agent derived from animal (bovine, porcine, fish) collagen. Used for capsule shells, gummy supplements, and emulsification. Religious and ethical restrictions apply (halal, kosher, vegetarian, vegan). BSE risk considerations for bovine sources.
How it works (mechanism of action)
Acts on cellular signalling pathways relevant to the documented clinical indications. Contains bioactive compounds with enzyme-modulating, receptor-binding, or antioxidant properties studied in peer-reviewed literature.
Religious/ethical: not suitable for vegetarians, vegans. Halal/Kosher considerations for source (porcine vs bovine). BSE/TSE theoretical risk with bovine bovine gelatin (negligible with regulated sources). Fish gelatin: potential allergenicity in fish-allergic individuals.