Fo-ti (Polygonum multiflorum)
Chinese longevity herb (He Shou Wu). Associated with significant hepatotoxicity — largest number of DILI cases from a single herb. PROCESSED (prepared) form much safer than raw (unprocessed). Requires proper processing.
How it works (mechanism of action)
Acts on cellular signalling pathways relevant to the documented clinical indications. Contains bioactive compounds with enzyme-modulating, receptor-binding, or antioxidant properties studied in peer-reviewed literature.
Evidence grades: A=Strong RCT evidence · B=Good clinical trials · C=Limited trials · D=Preliminary/traditional
HEPATOTOXICITY: one of the most hepatotoxic herbs — hundreds of cases globally, deaths reported. Raw (unprepared) He Shou Wu: NEVER use. Prepared (zhi he shou wu): safer but hepatotoxicity still reported. FDA, EMA, TGA: multiple safety advisories. Drug interactions: CYP3A4 inhibition, warfarin. Anthraquinone laxative effects. NOT RECOMMENDED as OTC supplement without processed form verification.
- Pratte MA, et al. J Altern Complement Med. 2014;20(12):901-8. SR/Meta-analysis PubMed ↗
Evidence grades: SR = Systematic review / meta-analysis (highest) · RCT = Randomized controlled trial · Reg = Regulatory/official guidance