FD&C Red No. 40
Synthetic azo dye (Allura Red) — the most widely used red food dye in the USA. Part of the Southampton Six dyes associated with hyperactivity in children (EU mandatory warning). FDA has received citizen petitions requesting a ban. Some European countries have restrictions. Metabolised to aromatic amines.
How it works (mechanism of action)
Acts on cellular signalling pathways relevant to the documented clinical indications. Contains bioactive compounds with enzyme-modulating, receptor-binding, or antioxidant properties studied in peer-reviewed literature.
EU mandatory warning: "May have an adverse effect on activity and attention in children." Metabolised to potentially genotoxic aromatic amines. Avoid in children with ADHD or hyperactivity. Allergic reactions in aspirin/salicylate-sensitive individuals. FDA proposal to ban in 2023 under review. Banned in Denmark, Belgium, France, Germany, Switzerland, and Sweden at various times.