FD&C Blue No. 1
Synthetic triarylmethane dye (Brilliant Blue FCF) used as blue food colouring. Generally considered safer than other FD&C dyes. Animal studies at extremely high doses showed kidney toxicity. Can cause allergic reactions in sensitive individuals. Part of the Southampton Six dye mix associated with hyperactivity.
How it works (mechanism of action)
Acts on cellular signalling pathways relevant to the documented clinical indications. Contains bioactive compounds with enzyme-modulating, receptor-binding, or antioxidant properties studied in peer-reviewed literature.
Part of the Southampton Six mix (EU hyperactivity warning label). Rare allergic reactions including urticaria and anaphylaxis. Avoid in aspirin-sensitive individuals (may cross-react). Not for use in injectable preparations (risk of profound hypotension). Generally low risk in food/supplement amounts.