SAFE
Cooling agents
WS-3, WS-23, Icilin, menthol analogues
Possibly Safe
V2 Verified
Excipients & Additives
PubMed Studies
4
About
Synthetic cooling agents used in flavouring systems. WS-3 (N-ethyl-p-menthane-3-carboxamide) and WS-23 are synthetic menthol analogues. Produce cooling sensation without minty flavour. GRAS status varies.
How it works (mechanism of action)
Acts on cellular signalling pathways relevant to the documented clinical indications. Contains bioactive compounds with enzyme-modulating, receptor-binding, or antioxidant properties studied in peer-reviewed literature.
👥 Safety by Population
🚫 Contraindications & Warnings
Generally safe at flavouring quantities. WS-23: less well studied than menthol. WS-3: limited long-term data. G6PD deficiency: same caution as menthol. Generally well tolerated.
🏷️ Other Names
WS-3, WS-23, Icilin, menthol analogues