CLA (Conjugated Linoleic Acid)
CLA is a group of linoleic acid isomers found in dairy and meat from ruminant animals. Evidence for body composition improvement (modest fat reduction, lean mass preservation). Strongest evidence in overweight individuals combined with exercise.
How it works (mechanism of action)
t10,c12 isomer reduces fat mass via PPARgamma inhibition in adipocytes and increased beta-oxidation. c9,t11 isomer has anticarcinogenic properties. Combined effect on body composition distinct from weight loss.
Evidence grades: A=Strong RCT evidence · B=Good clinical trials · C=Limited trials · D=Preliminary/traditional
May worsen insulin resistance in some individuals (t10,c12 isomer). May raise LDL cholesterol. Mild GI side effects common. Not recommended in pregnancy. Synthetic CLA (Clarinol, Tonalin) differs from natural CLA in ruminant fat.
