About
Major proteoglycan of cartilage; inhibits cartilage-degrading enzymes (aggrecanase, MMP); anti-inflammatory; retains water in cartilage matrix
How it works (mechanism of action)
Used for osteoarthritis — commonly combined with glucosamine. Common in French pharmacy joints supplements (Arkopharma, Solgar). EMA traditional use.
📊 Effectiveness
Knee osteoarthritis
Evidence Grade A · 22 studies · n=1,840 · Meta-analysis available
Osteoarthritis pain
Evidence Grade B · 38 studies · n=7,800
Evidence grades: A=Strong RCT evidence · B=Good clinical trials · C=Limited trials · D=Preliminary/traditional
👥 Safety by Population
🚫 Contraindications & Warnings
Consult a healthcare professional before use if pregnant, breastfeeding, taking prescription medications, or if you have a medical condition. Keep out of reach of children.
🇪🇺 EU Health Claims Status
Art.13(1)
✓ AuthorisedNon-compliance with the Regulation because on the basis of the scientific evidence assessed, this claimed effect for this food has not been substantiated.
Regulation EU 1924/2006 · ART13 1
Art.13(1)
✓ AuthorisedNon-compliance with the Regulation because on the basis of the scientific evidence assessed, this claimed effect for this food has not been substantiated.
Regulation EU 1924/2006 · ART13 1
References (2)
- National Institutes of Health. Vitamin D: Fact Sheet for Health Professionals. 2023. Available from: https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminD-HealthProfessional/ Reference Source ↗
- EFSA. EFSA J. 2016;14(10):4547. Regulatory document DOI ↗
Evidence grades: SR = Systematic review / meta-analysis (highest) · RCT = Randomized controlled trial · Reg = Regulatory/official guidance