Chamomile
German or Roman chamomile flower extract used for anxiety, insomnia, GI spasms, and topical wound healing. Apigenin GABA-A modulator is primary anxiolytic compound. Very widely used.
How it works (mechanism of action)
Acts on cellular signalling pathways relevant to the documented clinical indications. Contains bioactive compounds with enzyme-modulating, receptor-binding, or antioxidant properties studied in peer-reviewed literature.
Evidence grades: A=Strong RCT evidence · B=Good clinical trials · C=Limited trials · D=Preliminary/traditional
Asteraceae allergy: ragweed cross-reactivity — CONTRAINDICATED in Asteraceae-allergic individuals. ANTICOAGULANT: coumarin compounds — additive with warfarin. Drug interactions: warfarin, benzodiazepines (additive). Oestrogen receptor affinity: apigenin — caution in hormone-sensitive cancers. Pregnancy: avoid high doses.